Jenkins and her team utilized data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a comprehensive longitudinal study focusing on health and aging, which assesses psychological and neighborhood factors. They analyzed data from MIDUS’ third wave (2013-2015), which included a sample of Black Americans from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
The study assessed objective neighborhood quality using the Area Deprivation Index, which ranks neighborhoods based on education, employment, income, and housing quality indicators. Subjective community stress was measured using self-reported perceptions of neighborhood safety, social cohesion, and the physical environment.